哲学家 作词/曲/编曲/制作人:yL

Image may contain: 1 person哲学家 作词/曲/编曲/制作人:yL 

一个人或者本来就是或者永远不是哲学家。
希腊人早就知道智慧和知识是有所不同的两种东西,尽管有时候容易被混淆。Herakleitos就说:“博学并不能使人智慧。否则它就已经使赫西阿德、毕达哥拉斯、克塞诺分尼和赫卡太智慧了”。老子有另一个角度的类似发现,他要求“绝圣弃智”。智就是知识,也就是对可道之道的知识(能够表达为规则和既定程序的知识),而智慧则是对不可道之大道的亲近(“道可道非常道”往往被错译为“可说的道理并非永恒的道理”,应该是“可以因循的道理并非永恒的道理”)。知识总是特定有效的(adhoc),而既然人类的心灵并不是一大堆零碎的知识,那么就一定有一只“看不见的手”在把各种知识、情感和经验编织在一起使之成为一个整体的心灵,那就是智慧了。
哲学讨论所有的重要问题和观念,表面上好象是其实并不是在生产关于那些问题和观念的知识。科学家、历史学家、经济学家、社会学家、人类学家、逻辑学家、语言学家等等才能够生产知识,哲学家也可以参与生产各种知识(假如有这样的才能的话),但是哲学真正要做的事情是思考如何使各种知识“艺术地”配合在一起而形成一种具有生态和谐水平的观念/知识体系,这样人们就能够更加和谐地充分地思考各种问题。简单地说,哲学想创造一种思想能力,而不是某种知识。
比如说,哲学并不是要获得“真理”这个概念的意义、各种定义和用法,这些都只是背景知识,而是思考“真理”这个概念在观念/知识体系中适合于放在什么位置上,与之密切相关的应该是哪些观念,与其它观念应该建立什么样的互动关系,在什么样的位置上就可能会有什么样的思想效果,等等。在这个意义上说,哲学考虑的是由各种观念构成的思想画面如何才能够使思想的能力和魅力最大化。一个观念就其本身而言并不比别的观念更加错误,它只是有可能被放在不恰当的思想位置上而破坏了思想画面的效果,就像是一步臭棋,或是一块愚形。某个观念落在什么位置上,就像某个棋子下在什么位置上一样。如果经济学家没有意见的话,我就想说,哲学是思想的博弈论。
哲学家都有自己的一些特别经验。
胡塞尔说他追求哲学的纯粹结果就像他小时候磨小刀,总是惟恐不够锋利,于是磨呀磨,有一天突然发现小刀磨没有了。
维特根斯坦说他父亲是个生意人,而他的哲学也无非是想把能够算清楚的事情像算帐一样一笔一笔地算清楚(当然,算不清楚的就是死账)。
我自己有种“实验的体验”(an experimental experience),不知道是否算是“格物致知”的一种。随便在什么地方,比如在路口,看着随便发生的一切事情,行人、汽车、堵塞、违规、罚款、骗子,要脸的人和不要脸的人。替所有事情着想,同时反对自己一贯的立场,慢慢地就会心智错乱地发现,所有事情的道理是如此互相矛盾并且自相矛盾,而又都非常有道理,所有的道理都是他人的。我想,这就是哲学家想知道的“真实”(the real)。

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